Figure 1. Hnf1a expression is upregulated in response to saturated fatty acids. The results of quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of Hnf1a(a) expression in cultured rat beta-cells exposed to a variety of stimuli. BRIN-BD11 cells were treated with palmitate or laurate for 18 h or were serum starved (-serum) for 48 h. INS-1 cells were exposed to palmitate for 48 h. The medians and interquartile ranges are plotted (n=6-15 times in each experiment). P values were derived using the Mann Whitney-U test. Values which differ significantly from the BRIN-BD11 palmitate control (BSA/ethanol only) are indicated. BSA:bovine serum albumin; FA: saturated fatty acid; PO: palmitoleate